the human causes of climate change
The skittles have signs representing some of these causes listed below..
1. Road Transport 11.9%
Cars and Lorries transporting people (60%) and goods (40%) release mainly Carbon Dioxide (CO2) from burning petrol and diesel a fossil fuel.
2. Household energy 10.9%
Heating, Cooking and electricity generate CO2 from the energy industry and directly at home from the burning of oil, gas and coal fossil fuels and firewood.
3. Industry 10.6%
The chemical process used in Cement manufacture releases CO2. Large amounts of energy are also needed in cement manufacture and industry which release CO2 from the energy industry
4. Unallocated fuel combustion – running the energy industry, nuclear biomass etc 7.8%
For example, the production of nuclear fuel is a very energy intense process requiring energy normally from the burning of fossil fuels on site. Burning biomass, usually wood chips or pellets, directly releases CO2. Hydroelectric storage of energy will often be fed by fossil fuel powered generation of electricity, releasing CO2.
5. Iron and Steel 7.2%
The iron and steel energy both uses huge amounts of energy for the temperatures required and uses coke (a fossil fuel) as part of the manufacturing process, releasing large amounts of CO2.
6. Commercial energy use 6.6%
Lighting, computers, running appliances and machines in offices, shops restaurants and other commercial buildings from the burning of oil, gas and coal fossil fuels.
7. LiveStock 5.8%
Microbes in the digestive tracts of mainly ruminants such as cattle and sheep release methane, a much more powerful greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide.
8. Chemical and Petrochemical 5.8%
Chemical processes release CO2 as a biproduct which is often used in other industries but it ultimately is released into the atmosphere. Large amounts of energy are used to drive chemical processes which releases CO2 in the energy industry.
9. Flaring and methane leaks from fossil fuel industry 5.8%
Mining coal and drilling for oil results in accidental release of methane. Natural gas is methane and burning it for energy production is supposedly “cleaner” in that it produces more energy for the amount of CO2 dioxide released. However, being a much more powerful greenhouse gas than CO2 the amount that is lost in leaks doesn’t make it any “cleaner” than coal.
In order to deal with excess methane, oil and gas companies burn it without using the energy. This is known as flaring and directly releases CO2 into the atmosphere.
10. Deforestation and crop burning 5.7%
Deforestation reduces the amount of carbon able to be stored in forests and forest soils. This also reduces biodiversity and habitats pushing more species towards extinction.
Crop burning, the practice of burning residual plant material after harvest, releases CO2, methane and nitrous oxide greenhouse gases directly into the atmosphere.
11. Agriculture soils (Artificial fertilisers) 4.1 %
Nitrates released by artificial fertiliser breakdown are a very strong greenhouse gas. Use of artificial fertilisers and pesticides reduces the soil’s ability to sequester CO2 naturally making the situation worse. Annual monoculture crops also require a large energy input to grow and reduce biodiversity.
12. Shipping and aviation 3.6%
81% of aviation emission come from passenger and 19% from goods. Burning Kerosene, a fossil fuel, release carbon dioxide
Shipping of goods and passengers, releases CO2 from burning diesel and petrol.
13. Organic Landfill 1.9%
>Biodegradable and compostable material buried in landfill do not breakdown properly due to a lack of oxygen. Instead, it releases methane, a much more powerful green house gas than CO2, over decades.
Source : Our World in Data (2020)
https://ourworldindata.org/ghg-emissions-by-sector
